Dec 6, 2023 · Verywell / Hugo Lin. However, plant medicine, plant shamanism and shaman females have had a long, rich history of connecting to nature and harnessing its powers for good. That is a terrifying prospect for a loved one, but when Dec 19, 2022 · Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication difficulties, alongside unusually strong, narrow interests or unusually repetitive or restrictive behaviors. Shamanic drumming – using sounds, repetitive rhythms and group sessions to achieve an altered state of consciousness and return to normal once ready. 2017;12(2):142-146. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by pervasive patterns of affective instability, self-image disturbances, instability of interpersonal relationships, marked impulsivity, and suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation and attempt) causing significant impairment and distress in individual’s life []. Iran J Psychiatry. But effective treatment takes time, patience and commitment. Rameckers SA, Verhoef REJ, Grasman RPPP, et al. People diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently feel strong, fluctuating emotions, struggle with self-identity, and encounter problems with self-worth. Cherry Rochester Institute of Technology. It Introduction. One of our most powerful spiritual retreats for women is our Shamanic Sisterhood retreat which invites spiritually-conscious women to gather and explore shamanic wisdom together. Unstable Relationships. Prominent theories of BPD highlight the importance of emotional dysfunction as core to this disorder. Nov 23, 2023 · Borderline personality disorder (BPD) often manifests throughout adolescence; early identification and treatment are crucial [8,29]. Follow the steps below to get on track toward an accurate diagnosis. [3] [4] [5] 它的另一個主要特徵是精神上 May 29, 2021 · Emotional instability, or turbulent, quickly changing emotions. Patient exhibits mood lability, rejection sensitivity, inappropriate intense anger, depressive mood crashes, or outbursts of temper. She was deeply unhappy with life and stuck in an unhealthy place when the plants and ancestors began to call to her. Become emotional “prey”: In some relationships with individuals with BPD, you can easily feel like you are 2 days ago · Becky Oberg. Jan 8, 2024 · Signs and Symptoms. Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by deficits in social and interpersonal skills, highlighted by a reduced ability to form close relationships, occurring in the setting of eccentric behavior and cognitive or perceptual Dec 8, 2023 · Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health disorder that is characterized by ongoing patterns of changing moods, behaviors, and self-image. Dec 12, 2020 · The first pointer is that C-PTSD only develops if you have been exposed to repeated trauma, for example prolonged abuse as a child. org 3803 N. Psychotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for individuals who live with BPD. Common symptoms include: Sustained effort to avoid real or imaginary abandonment. population and 20% of the psychiatric inpatient population. nami. Have you ever wondered how the term "borderline" came to describe BPD? Borderline personality disorder causes marked distress and impairment in social, occupational, and role functioning, and it is associated with high rates of self-destructive behavior (e. In 1980, BPD became an official personality disorder in the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM). poor self-image. Effectiveness of psychological treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder and predictors of treatment outcomes: A multivariate multilevel meta-analysis of data from all design types. One of the defining characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder is fear of abandonment. 10. BPD is usually treated with psychotherapy. However, recent empirical research suggests a Apr 9, 2016 · DA: Spiritual Emergency, a term coined by Stan & Christina Grof, describes a process of deep psych-spiritual transformation in which a person experiences drastic changes to their meaning system (i I work with couples, individuals, whole families and teenagers. Women Shaman. They may have a history of chaotic and unstable relationships, and may have a hard time trusting others. NAMI • The National Alliance on Mental Illness • 1 (800) 950-NAMI • www. Individuals with BPD experience intense and rapidly shifting emotions Dec 14, 2021 · Emotional episodes or cycles are often a reality for people living with borderline personality disorder. May 6, 2021 · Four decades after complex posttraumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) was first defined and proposed as an alternative diagnosis to borderline personality disorder (BPD) for conceptualizing and treating the symptoms of adults who had suffered prolonged and severe interpersonal trauma, [], the validity and utility of cPTSD continues to be debated by mental health researchers [39, 41]; however, it is Microsoft Word - Borderline Personality screener. Contemporary Archetype Theory. Borderline personality disorder, like all other personality disorders is a learned behavior pattern that is deeply ingrained and ongoing. Psychopharmacological Treatment of Affective Dysregulation Symptoms in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder. But medicine may be added. Whether the threat of abandonment is real or imagined, it can produce a very strong response in people with BPD. May 7, 2024 · Schizotypal personality disorder belongs to Cluster A personality disorders, which also include schizoid personality disorder and paranoid personality disorder. The past two decades have shown an increase in the number Women Shamanism: Norse Völvas. But with newer, evidence-based treatment, many people with borderline personality disorder experience fewer and less severe symptoms, improved functioning and better quality of life. May 17, 2022 · There are nine criteria symptoms of BPD. People with BPD commonly have distorted perceptions of themselves and others, leading to difficulties in maintaining stable and healthy relationships. 22203 2. doc Author: Shaily Created Date: 20111118061559Z Sep 6, 2017 · If this does not help, gradually distance yourself until boundaries are “reset. Nadia originally came into Shamanic work to resolve her lifelong depression, Borderline Personality Disorder and addiction. ’” I need to go no further; without fail, my colleague will smile or laugh. Borderline personality is a serious psychiatric disorder, with a prevalence of about 4% in the community, but as high as 20% in many clinical psychiatric populations, and significant morbidity. Next, clinical applications are discussed and a behavioral Dissociation becomes a problem when it is severe, persistent, distressing, or disabling. Since there are no scriptures, but only some archeological artifacts Jan 12, 2024 · In 1980, borderline personality disorder (BPD) was introduced in the DSM‐III 6, based on a study by Spitzer et al 7, who drew both on research by Gunderson and colleagues 8, 9 and on Kernberg's concept of borderline personality organization 3, by including specific problems of identity and interpersonal relationships characterized by sudden May 11, 2021 · More than 71% of people with BPD have experienced a form of trauma. She has a passion for shamanically supporting Dissociative Identity Disorder, CPTSD, Addiction, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Schizophrenia. This is an interesting and sometimes complicated topic. self-destructive, impulsive behavior. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition marked Jan 15, 2024 · The signs and symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) often overlap those of other mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Some Therapists May Refuse to Treat Borderline Personality Disorder. Jun 14, 2014 · Shamanic view of mental illness by Willow Rosenberg » Sat Jun 14, 2014 6:40 am I saw this link and thought it may be of interest - especially for those with a humanities background who are familiar with Foucault May 20, 2022 · How is borderline personality disorder treated? BPD historically has been challenging to treat. Emotional instability in reaction to day-to-day events (e. ” From a shamanic point of view, soul loss is not necessarily a bad thing either. Because these patients are challenging, many therapists and doctors simply will not treat people with BPD. Chronic feelings of emptiness. Common in those with borderline personality disorder (BPD), splitting is considered a defense mechanism by which people with BPD view others, events, or even themselves in all-or-nothing terms. He found that borderline patients had significantly higher scores on scales measuring Apr 8, 2016 · The Little Shaman. There are Bachelors for shamanistic psychology. This borderline personality disorder test above aims to question these signs and symptoms via a self-assessment or quiz where you may feel most comfortable. plant medicine. impulsivity. Cluster B disorders are characterized by overly emotional, dramatic, and unpredictable thinking and behavior. As she began walking the Shamanic path, mentors and teachers appeared in both human and Jan 30, 2024 · Causes of Borderline Personality Disorder. Ego-syntonic means people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors align with their self-image. With language being a key reinforcer of stigma, this co-produced study aims to explore the language use regarding BPD and its effect on those with BPD and carers. Just feel it all out and enjoy the healing (the good and bad of it) Also shrooms didn’t get to the core like ayahuasca does for me. More than Borderline. g. This disorder is more than psycho or physical, there is an overwhelming demonic side to this disorder that controls, manipulates and even tries to destroy the BPD and those around them. Thus, mental disorders are spiritual emergencies, spiritual crises, and need to be regarded as such to aid the healer in being born. Jan 9, 2024 · The personality illness known as borderline personality disorder (BPD) is typified by widespread volatility in behaviour, mood, interpersonal interactions, and self-image. People with borderline personality disorder fear rejection and Nov 25, 2020 · Some of the most sobering borderline personality disorder statistics come from the research literature on BPD and suicidality. This can impact relationships. This often makes accurate diagnosis difficult—but crucial for effective treatment and long-term mental health. You also should be treated for any other mental While such borderline states also occur in other personality disorders (e. Evidence that the Siberian Shaman is Proto May 31, 2024 · Laura Paxton: The most frequently recommended treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder is dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Nov 2, 2023 · Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by unstable moods, impulsive behaviors, and volatile relationships. In the video, More Than Borderline blog author, Becky Oberg, discusses the need for education about the realities of mental illness. In Indonesia, the belian, wadian, or dukun in Indonesia has been a central point as well Aug 15, 2022 12:48 PM EDT. The essential feature of borderline personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of instability of Aug 30, 2022 · Symptoms. [1,5] Nov 5, 2021 · The sufferers of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are well aware of the dark side of living with this disorder. . We’ve even had those looking for shamanic healing NYC based teachers come to our center for our women-focused retreats. 9. Jan 31, 2024 · Borderline personality disorder is mainly treated using psychotherapy, which also is known as talk therapy. She’s been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder . Borderline personality disorder usually Aug 19, 2021 · Last updated: 08/19/2021. The mood swings experienced by people Mar 21, 2023 · The nine criteria for BPD are: Chronic feelings of emptiness. self Nov 18, 2018 · 1. If you have problematic enough of a personality to have BPD, then you have got some problems. Nov 19, 2010 · In the shamanic view, mental illness signals “the birth of a healer,” explains Malidoma Patrice Somé. Identity disturbance with markedly or persistently Now I’m a little more independent and it feels Good! it’s a really cathartic experience if you have things to release. May 1, 2009 · Borderline Personality Disorder. What is currently known about MPD has become common place over the past 20 years. 1. But if the person doesn't hold a degree and has practiced as a psychologist, I would go for the dual method. For example, the Czech Republic archaeology shows that Dec 1, 2010 · Journal of Personality is a social psychology journal publishing scientific investigations in personality focused on behavior and developmental psychology. People with borderline personality disorder may also have problems with impulse control, and may act on sudden urges without thinking about the consequences. May 11, 2021 · Symptoms. Apr 24, 2017 · Experiences of early physical or psychological trauma may facilitate the development of dissociative defenses leading to trauma spectrum disorders, such as predisposition to chronic/complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, Herman, Citation 1992), borderline personality states, and dissociative spectrum syndromes such as psychogenic Oct 22, 2014 · To help my non-recovery oriented colleagues understand the stigma/resentment associated with ‘borderline personality disorder,’ I simply mention this: “Let’s say I call you and say, ‘Hey, I’ve got a referral for you. If you are enjoying The Little Shaman, please consider donating. Accentuated negative emotionality is a hallmark of borderline personality but the condition is also associated with acute symptoms. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a disorder of emotion regulation, with 5. These apps are also available on the Google Play store. Borderline personality disorder is a chronic condition that may include mood instability, difficulty with interpersonal relationships, and high rates of self-injury and Jan 30, 2016 · Cause of Borderline Personality Disorder While the experts are in the infant stages of determining the roots of BPD, it is actually a simple formula. Identity disturbance. The experts are still in the infancy stages of determining the roots of BPD, but it does include variations in biological temperament, social invalidation, suppressed feelings, psychological trauma, stigma and judgements, and a yearning to escape the suffering of the phony existence in which we reside. This means that they are ego-syntonic rather than ego-dystonic, like non-personality disorders. Dec 8, 2014 · The shaman will always be an outsider, because of the fact that other members of the society can not relate to their experience. The Siberian Shaman's Wound – A 'Borderline Type Of Case'. In the second interview-based study, Bond (1990) studied the defenses employed during a clinical interview by six clinically diagnosed borderline patients, 21 patients with other forms of personality disorder, and 131 patients with other clinical diagnoses. Introduction. Jan 31, 2024 · People with borderline personality disorder have a strong fear of abandonment or being left alone. My program, Borderline and Beyond, integrates both approaches as well as some innovations that arose from my own recovery experiences. What those in the West view as mental illness, the Dagara people regard as “good news from the other Shamanism-Slavic Romanian. Both ASPD and BPD are Cluster B personality disorders in the DSM-5. Various theoretical orientations have converged upon the conceptualization of borderline personality disorder (BPD) as a disturbance in mental representations of self and other, contributing to core difficulties in identity, intimacy, empathy, and self-directed motivation. In BPD, there is usually a fear of being abandoned by someone else. Symptoms of BPD, include erratic mood shifts, self-harming behaviors, suicidality, intense emotional experiences, sensitivity to problems in your relationships, and problems with impulsive behaviors. Social performance is impeded by the subjective distress the person tends to experience. , everything is either all good I'm a shaman and a person with BPD Here is the thing about Shamans, they are healers of the magickal and psychology realm, some are even psychologist. One-third of all Americans believe mental illness can be cured by prayer and Bible study alone, but among evangelical Christians, the number jumps to one-half. Fear of Abandonment. " They expect that you will eventually hurt them, and they behave accordingly, punishing you for things they think you have done or will do. To have BPD is to be confronted daily and without release through the years to an unstable mood, unregulated emotions, and a fear of rejection- as well as a whole lot of other symptoms that can make life unbearable. Some patients have had positive results with Self Psychology. Borderline personality disorder is a mental health condition that is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, moods, and behavior and hypersensitivity to possible rejection and abandonment. When someone with borderline personality disorder (BPD) gets close to another person emotionally, that other person will often become the "enemy. ”. Genetics and biology can also factor into causing BPD. If you have borderline personality disorder (BPD), your emotions can be overwhelming. Jun 12, 2016 · Shamanism is a range of traditional beliefs and practices that involve the ability to diagnose, cure, and sometimes cause human suffering by traversing the axis mundi and forming a special relationship with, or gaining control over, spirits. Sep 2, 2023 · The potential role of naltrexone in Borderline Personality Disorder. Jan 30, 2023 · Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with a limited, rigid, or unstable experience of the established self and self-concept and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Similar to their colleagues, the Celtic druids, Slavic shamans weren’t that keen on writing and the little that we know of their culture, mythology, beliefs, and sacred practices, comes from the oral tradition passed from generation to generation. Apr 20, 2024 · Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by pervasive patterns of instability in mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships. , suicide attempts) and completed suicide. They may be charming and suave, or helpless and broken. It manifests as an inappropriate deviation from social norms and it is a stable behavioural pattern. hysterical person ality disorder (DSM III, 1980)), there is a continuum of severity sug gested ; BPD is considered extreme and indicative of poor prognosis (Blacker and Tupin, 1977). This means that people who experience BPD feel emotions intensely and for extended periods of time, and it is harder for them to return to a stable baseline after an emotionally triggering event. Treatment can help you learn skills to manage and cope with your condition. It results in difficulty regulating emotions, and those living with BPD may suffer from severe symptoms that negatively impact their health and happiness. Shamanic reik i & hands-on workshops – Shamanic practitioners and teachers Mar 14, 2024 · Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental health disorder that is subject to significant stigmatisation. Mar 4, 2023 · Individuals with borderline personality disorder are particularly sensitive to feeling shamed. "Shamanism" is not a singular entity, nor is it owned by any one particular group or culture. This is not necessary for a BPD diagnosis. Even though they want to have loving and lasting relationships, the fear of being abandoned often leads to mood swings and anger. Core shamanism is open to those sincere about Narcissists are master manipulators. , intense episodic sadness, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days) Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Their wild mood swings, angry outbursts, chronic abandonment fears, and impulsive and irrational behaviors can leave loved ones feeling helpless, abused, and off balance. BPD can be difficult and scary. It is, for most, intensely painful. Jan 20, 2023 · The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder is made only when a person has had many of these symptoms, they are severe in degree, and they are long-lasting. It’s such a gentle but still intense journey. That is a huge number. These were considered shaman medicine women and there is evidence to suggest that the very first shaman was indeed a female. Lack of Impulse Control. 10% of people witrh BPD commit suicide. This formula includes biological temperament, social invalidation, suppressed feelings, psychological trauma, stigma and judgments, and a yearning to escape the suffering of the phony existence in Borderline personality disorder ( BPD ), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder ( EUPD ), [16] is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive, long-term pattern of significant interpersonal relationship instability, a distorted sense of self, and intense emotional responses. ABSTRACT Evidence has accrued to suggest that there are 2 distinct dimensions of narcissism, which are often labeled grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. The idea of being alone terrifies people with BPD and causes them a great deal of anxiety. Many of these people, by western standards, are, or would have been labeled with mental illness. Impulsivity like spending a lot of money, condomless sex, and substance abuse. I have special focus in the areas of Marriage Counseling, Parenting Strategies, Borderline , Personality Disorder, Trauma, Anxiety Feb 27, 2024 · Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is marked by mood instability, impulsivity, fear of abandonment, and self-image issues. Shamanism and the Wounded Healer as an Archetype. Among all diagnoses, BPD Jul 11, 2012 · BPD or Jezebel! The real story and spiritual connection behind Borderline Personality Disorder that affects millions of men and women worldwide. But their outsider position is seen for its potential value from the start. Borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder have a few symptoms in common with one another. A hallmark of borderline personality disorder is emotional and relational instability. Existing research on shame and BPD is summarized. It is difficult to treat (both in the sense of responding poorly and as personally troubling to the therapist and the Aug 26, 2022 · Symptoms of borderline personality often appear and can create significant problems in the following areas: Behaviors : BPD is associated with a tendency to engage in risky and impulsive behaviors, such as going on shopping sprees, excessive drug or alcohol use, engaging in promiscuous or risky sex, or binge eating. While such borderline states also occur in other personality disorders (e. We both know that such Grrr, Roland Griffith too cautiously excludes borderline :"we don't know the limits but right now we exclude people with whom we don't believe we can develop good clinical rapport so people who fall into a borderline personality class are people who we would we would not accept him into treatment but again we don't know the limits" 46:00 About Nadia. 9% of the population displaying a characteristic at some point in their life (lifetime prevalence) and accounting for 20% of the psychiatric inpatient population. S. [9] [17] [18] Individuals diagnosed with BPD This translates to therapists too, and it is one of the reasons that therapy often does not work: When the patient sees the therapist as an enemy, therapy is not an option. Again not unique to one, but self-harm and suicidal idealisation are more common with BPD than C-PTSD. At The Meehl Foundation, we strive to draw a clear distinction between culturally specific rituals and the animistic practice of Shamanism. The good news is that therapy and a good self-care routine can greatly reduce your symptoms Despite prior assumptions about poor prognosis, the surge in research on borderline personality disorder (BPD) over the past several decades shows that it is treatable and can have a good prognosis. Shamans have been credited with the ability to control the weather, divination, the interpretation of Female shamanism across Europe and Asia. Your doctor also may recommend that you stay in the hospital if your safety is at risk. These include: changes in mood. The biosocial theory is put forth to explain the association between BPD and the presence of frequent and intense episodes of shame. To be diagnosed with BPD, you must display at least five of the following symptoms: viewing relationships in extremes (e. Jul 20, 2023 · Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition that affects approximately 1. The Developmental Side to the Shamanic Wounded Healer. If your girlfriend has received this diagnosis, no matter how mild her BPD is, she has a 1 in 10 chance of dying at her own hands. Whichever type you encounter, there are 5 things you always need to remember to protect yourself from harm. While many BPD sufferers notice considerable improvements with time, it's essential to remember that a sizable percentage may continue to struggle with lingering symptoms as they age [ 30 ]. Splitting allows them to readily discard things they have assigned as "bad" and to embrace things they consider "good," even if By Mark Zimmerman, MD, South County Psychiatry. It also leads to impulsiveness and self-injury that may push others away. 4% of adults in the United States. Although persecuted as witches, these females practiced many of the shamanic practices such as prophecy and healing. We’re referring to the word shamanism in its most broad connotation here whereas a shaman is someone who, through a state of trance, contacts spirits and travels through spiritual worlds to thrive on knowledge. She also dreams of creating a collaborative space where she can offer medium-term housing for those who are struggling with more complex mental illnesses and are seeking support with Shamanic tools. When a person has BPD, they often experience periods of intense feelings of anger, anxiety, or depression that can last for a few hours or a few days. Nov 9, 2023 · Both narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are categorized as Cluster B personality disorders. Dec 5, 2023 · Coping Skills for Borderline Personality Disorder. The Little Shaman discusses six behaviors that are common for narcissists and other toxic people. Initial Treatment: SSRI or Related Antidepressant. Alexandria K. fragile self-esteem or self-worth. Both conditions are marked by disinhibition, hostility, and impulsivity. 1-3 In BPD, this core psychopathology contributes to the characteristic syndrome of impulsivity, aggression FIGURE 1. About 70% of people with BPD will make at least one suicide attempt in their lifetimes. A Re-evaluation of Jung's Classic Theory of Archetype. Case Study – the Siberian Sakha (Yakut) Tribe. suicidal threats or attempts. Feelings of shame make people with BPD feel flawed and undesirable, raising fears of abandonment In this chapter, the relationship between shame and borderline personality disorder (BPD) is examined from a developmental and behavioral perspective. “A BPD relationship cycle refers to a repeating Jul 17, 2023 · Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex mental health condition affecting relationships, sense of self, behavior, and mood. 3. Unstable and intense relationships with rapid changes from idealization to devaluation. That knowledge is through direct revelation, from the God/Goddess, or spirit guide. Symptoms of BPD include: Fear of abandonment. How many to rot away on the streets or What are the treatments for borderline personality disorder? Borderline Personality Disorder FACT SHEET. Fairfax Drive, Suite 100, Arlington, Va. It is a common aspect of many mental illnesses such as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Major Depression. People with borderline personality disorder (BPD) tend to have major difficulties with relationships, especially with those closest to them. unstable, intense, and difficult relationships. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 988 for support and assistance from a . Even $1 helps! Donate. 边缘型人格障碍. 6% of the U. Multiple Personality Disorder, or MPD, is one of the most talked about and publicized disorders known and is the center of much debate and criticism. Inappropriate, intense Jun 4, 2024 · BPD and relationships. Periods of intense anger, depression, or anxiety can last for hours to days. One of the first sources of ancient female shamanism comes from the völur in medieval Scandinavia. It is common in both general and clinical populations, affecting roughly 1. Pattern of unstable relationships, alternating between idealization and devaluation. Up until a few decades ago, those diagnosed with the disorder were thought to be untreatable. Jun 9, 2021 · Borderline personality disorder (BPD) can have a big impact on your mood, relationships, and daily life. Tags narcissistic personality disorder, npd, anxiety, hoarding Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a condition characterized by difficulties regulating emotion. ASPD and BDP are also characterized by an increased suicide rate of between 3% and 10%. Shamanic meditation – entering a shamanic dream or trance-like state to connect deeply with the spiritual realm. 邊緣型人格障礙 （英語： borderline personality disorder ，縮寫： BPD ） [註 1] ，簡稱 邊緣型人格 [2] ，是一種B型 人格疾患 ，以長期不穩定的 人際關係 模式、扭曲的 自我概念 和強烈的 情緒 反應為主要特徵。. Check out the collection of apps by Shaman Sister Sin, including the most popular essential oil encyclopedia on Amazon. jv xk sn js kt tg st yy sm fl